Two recent settlements between school districts and students highlight society's general intolerance for bullying within schools. As reported in our earlier blog, New Jersey recognizes a cause of action against a school board when that school board fails to prevent, or attempt to prevent, the bullying of one student by others. We indicated in our earlier blog that the basis for such lawsuits in New Jersey is New Jersey's Law Against Discrimination (LAD). The linking of a "bullying" cause of action to New Jersey's Law Against Discrimination allows for a successful claimant to obtain punitive damages and counsel fees, in addition to compensatory damages.

Lenape Valley Regional High School District in Stanhope, New Jersey recently agreed to a settlement of $275,000.00 to a former high school student who is black, alleged that administrators did not properly handle repeated racial harassment by white students against him. In another case involving bullying and harassment, the United States Department of Education reached a voluntary agreement with the Hawaii Public School System over a bullying complaint filed by the parents of a high school student who was repeatedly bullied by other students. The alleged bullying adversely affected her school attendance and grades. While it is not certain to us at this point in time whether the State of Hawaii actually recognizes a cause of action as does New jersey, the high school student's parents filed a complaint with the United States Department of Education alleging that their daughter was being discriminated against. The settlement between the United States Department of Education and Hawaii Public Schools requires various administrators and teachers to undergo sensitivity and harassment training in order to more easily recognize the existence of same.

Given current social trends in technology, including Facebook, Twitter, and other social networking sites, it would appear that such bullying and harassment cases will increase in number, and may even reach beyond the doors of the school. In this regard, we await the filing of unique causes of action not based upon school harassment but harassment through the other social media. An attorney well versed in ongoing developments in negligence law can determine how to best pursue any similar situated case, so do not hesitate to consult a lawyer as soon as possible if you find yourself or a loved one dealing with bullying.

Cases of bullying in schools by other students have been all over the news in recent weeks. Unfortunately, these news events have ranged from severe injuries suffered by students at the hands of other students to suicides committed as a result of the emotional stress suffered from constant unchecked bullying. This blog will briefly deal with the potential legal remedies a bullied student may have through personal injury law.

First, it is clear that the victim of physical or emotional injuries, which are the direct result of an assault by another student, clearly has a cause of action against the person who committed the assault. Other individuals may be included as responsible parties if it can be proven that they somehow contributed to the actions of the party committing the assault. For instance, if they encouraged or assisted in the assault in any way such as luring the victim to a particular location or advising the assaulter of the location of the victim, while knowing that the assault was imminent. The success of these types of claims, however, is often dependent upon the availability of applicable insurance coverage or assets owned by the assaulter.
Where the injuries are emotional in nature, arising solely out of verbal abuse or by entries on a social networking website, the answer is not so clear. If the words stated or posted online are untrue and cause damage to the student's reputation, a cause of action in defamation may exist. However, very restrictive rules apply in New Jersey in this regard, and these cases are very fact sensitive concerning both the causes of action and damages. If it can be proven that the words posted online or stated in public, even if true, were meant to cause distress or mental anguish, a cause of action for the negligent or intentional infliction of emotional distress may exist. Once again, issues of insurance coverage and availability of assets will determine the feasibility of these types of claims.

The final question is whether a school may be sued for such an injury. It is clear that a school will not be held responsible for physical or emotional injuries caused by bullying where it had no prior notice of the bullying and had no reason to know of same. Even where it can be shown that the school had notice of the bullying, New Jersey Courts have been hesitant to incur liability upon a school board unless it can be shown that the bullying was pervasive. Clearly, there is a common law duty for the schools to protect the children that come under their care on a day-to-day basis. In this regard, there is no doubt that common law principles of general negligence will provide a cause of action against a school board where it can be shown that the bullying was severe and pervasive, the school had actual knowledge of the pervasive and severe nature of same, and a student suffered harm as a result of such bullying. Importantly, however, any such claims of negligence against a school board will be subject to the limitations of New Jersey's Tort Claims Act.

In 2007 the Supreme Court of New Jersey went one step further in the case of L.W. v. Toms River Regional Board of Education, 189 N.J. 381 (2007) and held that students could potentially have cause of action against a school board for the school board's failure to stop severe and pervasive bullying under New Jersey's Law Against Discrimination statute. Basically, the court held that if the bullying was the result of a protected class status under the Law Against Discrimination (such as race, creed, color, national origin, sexual orientation, religion, etc.) and the school failed to prevent further bullying after it has knowledge of same, it could be liable to the student under the Law Against Discrimination. Importantly, what this basically means to a student with a potential cause of action is that their case would not be subject to the limitations of the Tort Claims Act; and they would potentially be entitled to counsel fees and punitive damages against the school board.
Inevitably, these cases are always fact sensitive and only and experienced attorney would be able to properly determine whether such causes of action exist.